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<title>LAMP (software bundle)</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">LAMP (software bundle)</span></span>

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<p>A <b>LAMP</b> (<b>L</b>inux, <b>A</b>pache, <b>M</b>ySQL, <b>P</b>erl/<b>P</b>HP/<b>P</b>ython) is one of the most common <a href="Software_stack" class="mw-redirect" title="Software stack">software stacks</a> for the web's most popular <a href="Web_application" title="Web application">applications</a>. Its generic software stack model has largely interchangeable components.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Each letter in the acronym stands for one of its four <a href="Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open-source</a> building blocks:

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<ul><li><a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> for the <a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a></li>

<li><a href="Apache_HTTP_Server" title="Apache HTTP Server">Apache HTTP Server</a></li>

<li><a href="Maria_DB" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria DB">Maria DB</a> or <a href="MySQL" title="MySQL">MySQL</a> for the <a href="Relational_database#RDBMS" title="Relational database">relational database management system</a></li>

<li><a href="Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a>, <a href="PHP" title="PHP">PHP</a>, or <a href="Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a> for the <a href="Programming_language" title="Programming language">programming language</a></li></ul>

<p>The components of the LAMP stack are present in the <a href="Software_repository" title="Software repository">software repositories</a> of most <a href="Linux_distribution" title="Linux distribution">Linux distributions</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p>The acronym LAMP was coined by Michael Kunze in the December 1998 issue of <i>Computertechnik</i>, a German computing magazine, as he demonstrated that a bundle of <a href="Free_and_open-source_software" title="Free and open-source software">free and open-source software</a> "could be a feasible alternative to expensive commercial packages".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since then, <a href="O'Reilly_Media" title="O'Reilly Media">O'Reilly Media</a> and <a href="MySQL" title="MySQL">MySQL</a> teamed up to popularize the acronym and evangelize its use.<sup id="cite_ref-cw_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cw-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the first open-source software stacks for the web, the term and the concept became popular. The stack is capable of hosting a variety of web frameworks and applications, such as <a href="WordPress" title="WordPress">WordPress</a> and <a href="Drupal" title="Drupal">Drupal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ibm_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ibm-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants">Variants</h2></div>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"WAMP" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="WAMP_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="WAMP (disambiguation)">WAMP (disambiguation)</a>.</div>

<p>The LAMP model has been adapted to other componentry, though typically consisting of <a href="Free_and_open-source_software" title="Free and open-source software">free and open-source software</a>. With the growing use of the archetypal LAMP, variations and <a href="Retronym" title="Retronym">retronyms</a> appeared for other combinations of operating system, web server, database, and software language. For example, an equivalent installation on the <a href="Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a> operating system family is known as <b>WAMP</b>. An alternative running <a href="Internet_Information_Services" title="Internet Information Services">IIS</a> in place of Apache is called <a href="WIMP_(software_bundle)" title="WIMP (software bundle)">WIMP</a>. Variants involving other operating systems include DAMP, which uses the Darwin operating system. <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The web server or database management system also varies. LEMP is a version where Apache has been replaced with the more lightweight web server <a href="Nginx" title="Nginx">Nginx</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A version where MySQL has been replaced by <a href="PostgreSQL" title="PostgreSQL">PostgreSQL</a> is called LAPP, or sometimes by keeping the original acronym, LAMP (Linux / Apache / Middleware (Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby) / PostgreSQL).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The LAMP bundle can be combined with many other free and open-source software packages, including:

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Netsniff-ng" title="Netsniff-ng">netsniff-ng</a> for security testing and hardening</li>

<li><a href="Snort_(software)" title="Snort (software)">Snort</a>, an <a href="Intrusion_detection_system" title="Intrusion detection system">intrusion detection</a> (IDS) and <a href="Intrusion_detection_system#Intrusion_prevention" title="Intrusion detection system">intrusion prevention</a> (IPS) system</li>

<li><a href="RRDtool" title="RRDtool">RRDtool</a> for diagrams</li>

<li><a href="Nagios" title="Nagios">Nagios</a>, <a href="Collectd" title="Collectd">Collectd</a> or <a href="Cacti_(software)" title="Cacti (software)">Cacti</a>, for monitoring.</li></ul>

<p>As another example, the software which <a href="Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> and other <a href="Wikimedia_Foundation" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia Foundation</a> projects use for their <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_servers" class="extiw external" title="meta:Wikimedia servers">underlying infrastructure</a> is a customized LAMP stack with additions such as <a href="Linux_Virtual_Server" title="Linux Virtual Server">Linux Virtual Server</a> (LVS) for <a href="Load_balancing_(computing)" title="Load balancing (computing)">load balancing</a> and <a href="Ceph_(software)" title="Ceph (software)">Ceph</a> and <a href="Swift_(distributed_storage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Swift (distributed storage)">Swift</a> for distributed object storages.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Software_components">Software components</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Linux">Linux</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a></div>

<p>Linux is a <a href="Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a> computer <a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a> assembled under the model of <a href="Free_and_open-source_software" title="Free and open-source software">free and open-source software</a> development and distribution. Most <a href="Linux_distribution" title="Linux distribution">Linux distributions</a>, as collections of software based around the <a href="Linux_kernel" title="Linux kernel">Linux kernel</a> and often around a <a href="Package_manager" title="Package manager">package management system</a>, provide complete LAMP setups through their packages. According to W3Techs in October 2013, 58.5% of web server market share is shared between <a href="Debian" title="Debian">Debian</a> and <a href="Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu">Ubuntu</a>, while <a href="Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux" title="Red Hat Enterprise Linux">RHEL</a>, <a href="Fedora_Linux" title="Fedora Linux">Fedora</a> and <a href="CentOS" title="CentOS">CentOS</a> together shared 37.3%.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Apache">Apache</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Apache_HTTP_Server" title="Apache HTTP Server">Apache HTTP Server</a></div>

<p>The role of LAMP's web server has been traditionally supplied by Apache, and has since included other web servers such as <a href="Nginx" title="Nginx">Nginx</a>.

</p><p>Apache is developed and maintained by an open community of developers under the auspices of the <a href="Apache_Software_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache Software Foundation">Apache Software Foundation</a>. Released under the <a href="Apache_License" title="Apache License">Apache License</a>, Apache is <a href="Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open-source software</a>. A wide variety of features are supported, and many of them are implemented as <a href="Compiler" title="Compiler">compiled</a> <a href="Modular_programming" title="Modular programming">modules</a> which extend the core functionality of Apache. These can range from server-side programming language support to authentication.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="MySQL_and_database_alternatives">MySQL and database alternatives</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="MySQL" title="MySQL">MySQL</a>, <a href="MariaDB" title="MariaDB">MariaDB</a>, and <a href="MongoDB" title="MongoDB">MongoDB</a></div>

<p>MySQL's original role as the LAMP's <a href="Relational_database#RDBMS" title="Relational database">relational database management system</a> has since been alternately provisioned by others like <a href="PostgreSQL" title="PostgreSQL">PostgreSQL</a>, MariaDB (a community-developed <a href="Fork_(software_development)" title="Fork (software development)">fork</a> of MySQL developed by its original developers), and even <a href="NoSQL" title="NoSQL">NoSQL</a> databases like <a href="MongoDB" title="MongoDB">MongoDB</a>.

</p><p>MySQL is a <a href="Thread_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thread (computer science)">multithreaded</a>, <a href="Multi-user" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-user">multi-user</a>, <a href="SQL" title="SQL">SQL</a> <a href="Database_management_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Database management system">database management system</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> acquired by <a href="Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a> in 2008, which was then acquired by <a href="Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation">Oracle Corporation</a> in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since its early years, the MySQL team has made its <a href="Source_code" title="Source code">source code</a> available under the terms of the <a href="GNU_General_Public_License" title="GNU General Public License">GNU General Public License</a>, as well as under a variety of <a href="Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">proprietary</a> agreements.

</p><p><a href="PostgreSQL" title="PostgreSQL">PostgreSQL</a> is also an <a href="ACID" title="ACID">ACID</a>-compliant <a href="Object-relational_database" class="mw-redirect" title="Object-relational database">object-relational database</a> management system developed by PostgreSQL Global Development Group.

</p><p>MongoDB is a <a href="NoSQL" title="NoSQL">NoSQL</a> database that eschews the traditional <a href="Relational_database" title="Relational database">relational database</a> structure in favor of <a href="JSON" title="JSON">JSON</a>-like documents with dynamic schemas (calling the format <a href="BSON" title="BSON">BSON</a>), making the integration of data in certain types of applications easier and faster.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="PHP_and_alternatives">PHP and alternatives</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="PHP" title="PHP">PHP</a>, <a href="Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a>, and <a href="Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python (programming language)</a></div>

<p>PHP's role as the LAMP's application programming language has also been performed by other languages such as Perl and Python.

</p><p>PHP is a <a href="Server-side_scripting" title="Server-side scripting">server-side scripting</a> language designed for <a href="Web_development" title="Web development">web development</a> but also used as a <a href="General-purpose_programming_language" title="General-purpose programming language">general-purpose programming language</a>. PHP code is <a href="Interpreter_(computing)" title="Interpreter (computing)">interpreted</a> by a web server via a PHP processor module, which generates the resulting web page. PHP commands can optionally be embedded directly into an <a href="HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> source document rather than calling an external file to process data. It has also evolved to include a <a href="Command-line_interface" title="Command-line interface">command-line interface</a> capability and can be used in standalone <a href="Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">graphical applications</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> PHP is <a href="Free_software" title="Free software">free software</a> released under the terms of <a href="PHP_License" title="PHP License">PHP License</a>, which is incompatible with the <a href="GNU_General_Public_License" title="GNU General Public License">GNU General Public License</a> (GPL) due to the restrictions PHP License places on the usage of the term <i>PHP</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p><a href="Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a> is a family of <a href="High-level_programming_language" title="High-level programming language">high-level</a>, general-purpose, interpreted, <a href="Dynamic_programming_language" title="Dynamic programming language">dynamic programming languages</a>. The languages in this family include Perl 5 and <a href="Raku_(programming_language)" title="Raku (programming language)">Raku</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They provide advanced text processing facilities without the arbitrary data-length limits of many contemporary <a href="List_of_Unix_commands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Unix commands">Unix command line tools</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> facilitating manipulation of <a href="Text_file" title="Text file">text files</a>. Perl 5 gained widespread popularity in the late 1990s as a <a href="Common_Gateway_Interface" title="Common Gateway Interface">CGI scripting</a> language for the Web, in part due to its <a href="Parsing" title="Parsing">parsing</a> abilities.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p><a href="Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a> is a widely used general-purpose, high-level, <a href="Interpreter_(computing)" title="Interpreter (computing)">interpreted</a>, programming language.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Python supports multiple <a href="Programming_paradigm" title="Programming paradigm">programming paradigms</a>, including <a href="Object-oriented_programming" title="Object-oriented programming">object-oriented</a>, <a href="Imperative_programming" title="Imperative programming">imperative</a>, <a href="Functional_programming" title="Functional programming">functional</a> and <a href="Procedural_programming" title="Procedural programming">procedural</a> paradigms. It features a <a href="Dynamic_type" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynamic type">dynamic type</a> system, automatic <a href="Memory_management" title="Memory management">memory management</a>, a <a href="Standard_library" title="Standard library">standard library</a>, and strict use of <a href="Whitespace_character" title="Whitespace character">whitespace</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like other <a href="Dynamic_programming_language" title="Dynamic programming language">dynamic languages</a>, Python is often used as a <a href="Scripting_language" title="Scripting language">scripting language</a>, but is also used in a wide range of non-scripting contexts.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="High_availability_and_load_balancing">High availability and load balancing</h2></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="High_availability" title="High availability">High availability</a>, <a href="Load_balancing_(computing)" title="Load balancing (computing)">Load balancing</a>, and <a href="Replication_(computing)" title="Replication (computing)">Replication</a></div>

<p>Specific approaches are required for websites that serve large numbers of requests, or provide services that demand high <a href="Uptime" title="Uptime">uptime</a>. High-availability approaches for the LAMP stack may involve multiple web and database servers, combined with additional components that perform logical aggregation of resources provided by each of the servers, as well as distribution of the workload across multiple servers. The aggregation of web servers may be provided by placing a load balancer in front of them, for example by using <a href="Linux_Virtual_Server" title="Linux Virtual Server">Linux Virtual Server</a> (LVS). For the aggregation of database servers, MySQL provides internal replication mechanisms that implement a <a href="Master/slave_(technology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Master/slave (technology)">master/slave</a> relationship between the original database (master) and its copies (slaves).<sup id="cite_ref-facta-performance_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-facta-performance-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Such high-availability setups may also improve the <a href="Availability" title="Availability">availability</a> of LAMP instances by providing various forms of <a href="Redundancy_(engineering)" title="Redundancy (engineering)">redundancy</a>, making it possible for a certain number of components (separate servers) to experience <a href="Downtime" title="Downtime">downtime</a> without interrupting the users of services provided as a whole. Such redundant setups may also handle hardware failures resulting in <a href="Data_loss" title="Data loss">data loss</a> on individual servers in a way that prevents collectively stored data from actually becoming lost. Beside higher availability, such LAMP setups are capable of providing almost linear improvements in performance for services having the number of internal database read operations much higher than the number of write/update operations.<sup id="cite_ref-facta-performance_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-facta-performance-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<ul><li><a href="JAMstack" class="mw-redirect" title="JAMstack">JAMstack</a></li>

<li><a href="LYME_(software_bundle)" title="LYME (software bundle)">LYME</a> – a software stack based on Erlang</li>

<li><a href="MEAN_(solution_stack)" class="mw-redirect" title="MEAN (solution stack)">MEAN</a> – a JavaScript software stack for building dynamic web sites and web applications</li>

<li><a href="Solution_stack" title="Solution stack">Solution stack</a></li>

<li><a href="Web_content_management_system" title="Web content management system">Web content management system</a></li>

<li><a href="Web_Platform_Installer" title="Web Platform Installer">Web Platform Installer</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/LAMP-Linux-Apache-MySQL-PHP">"LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP)"</a>. <i>SearchEnterpriseLinux</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128055958/https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/LAMP-Linux-Apache-MySQL-PHP">Archived</a> from the original on 28 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKunze1998" class="citation web cs1">Kunze, Michael (December 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19990203093819/http://www.heise.de/ct/english/98/12/230/">"LAMP: Freeware Web Publishing System with Database Support"</a>. <i>c't</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heise.de/ct/english/98/12/230/">the original</a> on 3 February 1999<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

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<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2002" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Roderick W. (21 June 2002). <i>Advanced Linux networking</i>. Addison-Wesley Professional. p. 594. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-201-77423-8</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://radar.oreilly.com/2006/08/programming-language-trends.html">"Programming language trends – O'Reilly radar"</a>. Radar.oreilly.com. 2 August 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210924144323/http://radar.oreilly.com/2006/08/programming-language-trends.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-facta-performance-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-facta-performance_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-facta-performance_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSimicRisticObradovic2007" class="citation web cs1">Simic, Dragan; Ristic, Srecko; Obradovic, Slobodan (April 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://facta.junis.ni.ac.rs/eae/fu2k71/4obradovic.pdf">"Measurement of the achieved performance levels of the web applications with distributed relational database"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Electronics and energetics</i>. Facta Universitatis. p. 31–43. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211007072939/http://facta.junis.ni.ac.rs/eae/fu2k71/4obradovic.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 7 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>

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</ol></div></div>

<p><br>

</p>

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</style><div id="Linux634" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Linux_kernel" title="Linux kernel">Linux kernel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="History_of_Linux" title="History of Linux">History</a></li>

<li><a href="Linus's_law" title="Linus's law">Linus's law</a></li>

<li><a href="Linux-libre" title="Linux-libre">Linux-libre</a></li>

<li><a href="Booting_process_of_Linux" title="Booting process of Linux">Booting process</a></li>

<li><a href="Linux_kernel_oops" title="Linux kernel oops">Kernel oops</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Controversies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Criticism_of_Linux" title="Criticism of Linux">Criticism of Linux</a></li>

<li><a href="Criticism_of_desktop_Linux" title="Criticism of desktop Linux">Criticism of desktop Linux</a></li>

<li><a href="GNU/Linux_naming_controversy" title="GNU/Linux naming controversy">GNU/Linux naming controversy</a></li>

<li><a href="Tanenbaum%E2%80%93Torvalds_debate" title="Tanenbaum–Torvalds debate">Tanenbaum–Torvalds debate</a></li>

<li><a href="SCO%E2%80%93Linux_disputes" title="SCO–Linux disputes">SCO and Linux</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Linux_distribution" title="Linux distribution">Distributions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Comparison_of_Linux_distributions" title="Comparison of Linux distributions">General comparison</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Linux_distributions" title="List of Linux distributions">Distributions list</a></li>

<li><a href="Comparison_of_netbook-oriented_Linux_distributions" title="Comparison of netbook-oriented Linux distributions">Netbook-specific comparison</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Linux_distributions_that_run_from_RAM" title="List of Linux distributions that run from RAM">Distributions that run from RAM</a></li>

<li><a href="Light-weight_Linux_distribution" class="mw-redirect" title="Light-weight Linux distribution">Lightweight</a></li>

<li><a href="Security-focused_operating_system#Linux" title="Security-focused operating system">Security-focused operating system</a></li>

<li><a href="Package_manager" title="Package manager">Package manager</a>

<ul><li><a href="Package_format" title="Package format">Package format</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_software_package_management_systems" title="List of software package management systems">List of software package managers</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="LinuxChix" title="LinuxChix">LinuxChix</a></li>

<li><a href="Linux_Counter" title="Linux Counter">Linux Counter</a></li>

<li><a href="Linux_Documentation_Project" title="Linux Documentation Project">Linux Documentation Project</a></li>

<li><a href="Linux_Foundation" title="Linux Foundation">Linux Foundation</a></li>

<li><a href="Linux_Mark_Institute" title="Linux Mark Institute">Linux Mark Institute</a></li>

<li><a href="Linux_user_group" title="Linux user group">Linux User Group (LUG)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Linux_adoption" title="Linux adoption">Adoption</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_Linux_adopters" title="List of Linux adopters">Adopters</a></li>

<li><a href="Linux_desktop_environments" class="mw-redirect" title="Linux desktop environments">Desktop</a></li>

<li><a href="Linux_on_embedded_systems" title="Linux on embedded systems">Embedded</a></li>

<li><a href="Linux_gaming" class="mw-redirect" title="Linux gaming">Gaming</a></li>

<li><a href="Linux_for_mobile_devices" title="Linux for mobile devices">Mobile</a></li>

<li><a href="Linux_range_of_use" title="Linux range of use">Range of use</a></li>

<li><a href="Linux_malware" title="Linux malware">Linux malware</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="DistroWatch" title="DistroWatch">DistroWatch</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Free_Software_Magazine" title="Free Software Magazine">Free Software Magazine</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Full_Circle_(magazine)" title="Full Circle (magazine)">Full Circle</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Linux.com" title="Linux.com">Linux.com</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Linux_Format" title="Linux Format">Linux Format</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Linux_Gazette" title="Linux Gazette">Linux Gazette</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Linux_Journal" title="Linux Journal">Linux Journal</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Linux_Magazine" title="Linux Magazine">Linux Magazine</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="LinuxUser" title="LinuxUser">LinuxUser</a></i>

<ul><li><i><a href="Ubuntu_User" title="Ubuntu User">Ubuntu User</a></i></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Linux_Outlaws" title="Linux Outlaws">Linux Outlaws</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Linux_Voice" title="Linux Voice">Linux Voice</a></i></li>

<li><a href="LugRadio" title="LugRadio">LugRadio</a></li>

<li><a href="Phoronix_Test_Suite#Phoronix_website" title="Phoronix Test Suite">Phoronix</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Revolution_OS" title="Revolution OS">Revolution OS</a></i></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_computer_security_certifications" title="List of computer security certifications">Security<br>certifications</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="CompTIA_Linux%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="CompTIA Linux+">CompTIA Linux+</a></li>

<li><a href="Linux_Foundation_Linux_Certification" class="mw-redirect" title="Linux Foundation Linux Certification">Linux Foundation</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> </span><a href="Portal%3ALinux" title="Portal:Linux">Linux portal</a></b></li>

<li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Portal%3AFree_and_open-source_software" title="Portal:Free and open-source software">Free and open-source software portal</a></b></li>

<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> <b>Category</b></li></ul>

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<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Free_and_open-source_software510" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Free_and_open-source_software510" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Free_and_open-source_software" title="Free and open-source software">Free and open-source software</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Alternative_terms_for_free_software" title="Alternative terms for free software">Alternative terms for free software</a></li>

<li><a href="Comparison_of_open-source_and_closed-source_software" title="Comparison of open-source and closed-source software">Comparison of open-source and closed-source software</a></li>

<li><a href="Comparison_of_source-code-hosting_facilities" title="Comparison of source-code-hosting facilities">Comparison of source-code-hosting facilities</a></li>

<li><a href="Free_software" title="Free software">Free software</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_free_software_project_directories" title="List of free software project directories">Free software project directories</a></li>

<li><a href="Gratis_versus_libre" title="Gratis versus libre">Gratis versus libre</a></li>

<li><a href="Long-term_support" title="Long-term support">Long-term support</a></li>

<li><a href="Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">Open-source software</a></li>

<li><a href="Open-source_software_development" title="Open-source software development">Open-source software development</a></li>

<li><a href="Outline_of_free_software" title="Outline of free software">Outline</a></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_free_and_open-source_software" title="Timeline of free and open-source software">Timeline</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_free_and_open-source_software_packages" title="List of free and open-source software packages">Software<br>packages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Comparison_of_free_software_for_audio" title="Comparison of free software for audio">Audio</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_open-source_bioinformatics_software" title="List of open-source bioinformatics software">Bioinformatics</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_open-source_codecs" title="List of open-source codecs">Codecs</a></li>

<li><a href="Comparison_of_open-source_configuration_management_software" title="Comparison of open-source configuration management software">Configuration management</a></li>

<li><a href="Device_driver" title="Device driver">Drivers</a>

<ul><li><a href="Free_and_open-source_graphics_device_driver" title="Free and open-source graphics device driver">Graphics</a></li>

<li><a href="Comparison_of_open-source_wireless_drivers" title="Comparison of open-source wireless drivers">Wireless</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="List_of_open-source_health_software" title="List of open-source health software">Health</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_open-source_software_for_mathematics" title="List of open-source software for mathematics">Mathematics</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_office_suites" title="List of office suites">Office suites</a></li>

<li><a href="Comparison_of_open-source_operating_systems" title="Comparison of open-source operating systems">Operating systems</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_open-source_routing_platforms" title="List of open-source routing platforms">Routing</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_free_television_software" title="List of free television software">Television</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_open-source_video_games" title="List of open-source video games">Video games</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_free_and_open-source_web_applications" title="List of free and open-source web applications">Web applications</a>

<ul><li><a href="Comparison_of_shopping_cart_software" title="Comparison of shopping cart software">E-commerce</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="List_of_free_and_open-source_Android_applications" title="List of free and open-source Android applications">Android apps</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_commercial_open-source_applications_and_services" title="List of commercial open-source applications and services">Commercial</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_formerly_proprietary_software" title="List of formerly proprietary software">Formerly proprietary</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_formerly_free_and_open-source_software" class="mw-redirect" title="List of formerly free and open-source software">Formerly open-source</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Community_of_practice" title="Community of practice">Community</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Free_software_movement" title="Free software movement">Free software movement</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_free_and_open-source_software" title="History of free and open-source software">History</a></li>

<li><a href="Open-source-software_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Open-source-software movement">Open-source-software movement</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_free-software_events" title="List of free-software events">Events</a></li>

<li><a href="Open-source_software_advocacy" title="Open-source software advocacy">Advocacy</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_free_and_open-source_software_organizations" title="List of free and open-source software organizations">Organisations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Free_Software_Movement_of_India" title="Free Software Movement of India">Free Software Movement of India</a></li>

<li><a href="Free_Software_Foundation" title="Free Software Foundation">Free Software Foundation</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Free-software_license" title="Free-software license">Licenses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Apache_License" title="Apache License">Apache</a></li>

<li><a href="Artistic_License" title="Artistic License">Artistic</a></li>

<li><a href="Beerware" title="Beerware">Beerware</a></li>

<li><a href="Creative_Commons_license" title="Creative Commons license">Creative Commons</a></li>

<li><a href="Free_Software_Foundation" title="Free Software Foundation">Free Software Foundation</a>

<li><a href="Python_License" title="Python License">Python</a></li>

<li><a href="Python_Software_Foundation_License" title="Python Software Foundation License">Python Software Foundation License</a></li>

<li><a href="Shared_Source_Initiative" title="Shared Source Initiative">Shared Source Initiative</a></li>

<li><a href="Sleepycat_License" class="mw-redirect" title="Sleepycat License">Sleepycat</a></li>

<li><a href="Unlicense" title="Unlicense">Unlicense</a></li>

<li><a href="WTFPL" title="WTFPL">WTFPL</a></li>

</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Types_and_standards23" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types and<br> standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Comparison_of_free_and_open-source_software_licenses" title="Comparison of free and open-source software licenses">Comparison of licenses</a></li>

<li><a href="Contributor_License_Agreement" title="Contributor License Agreement">Contributor License Agreement</a></li>

<li><a href="Copyleft" title="Copyleft">Copyleft</a></li>

<li><a href="Debian_Free_Software_Guidelines" class="mw-redirect" title="Debian Free Software Guidelines">Debian Free Software Guidelines</a></li>

<li><a href="Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works" title="Definition of Free Cultural Works">Definition of Free Cultural Works</a></li>

<li><a href="Free_license" title="Free license">Free license</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Free_Software_Definition" title="The Free Software Definition">The Free Software Definition</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Open_Source_Definition" title="The Open Source Definition">The Open Source Definition</a></li>

<li><a href="Open-source_license" title="Open-source license">Open-source license</a></li>

<li><a href="Permissive_software_license" title="Permissive software license">Permissive software license</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_domain" title="Public domain">Public domain</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Challenges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Digital_rights_management" title="Digital rights management">Digital rights management</a></li>

<li><a href="License_proliferation" title="License proliferation">License proliferation</a></li>

<li><a href="Mozilla_software_rebranded_by_Debian" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozilla software rebranded by Debian">Mozilla software rebranding</a></li>

<li><a href="Proprietary_device_driver" class="mw-redirect" title="Proprietary device driver">Proprietary device drivers</a></li>

<li><a href="Proprietary_firmware" title="Proprietary firmware">Proprietary firmware</a></li>

<li><a href="Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary software</a></li>

<li><a href="SCO%E2%80%93Linux_disputes" title="SCO–Linux disputes">SCO/Linux controversies</a></li>

<li><a href="Software_patents_and_free_software" title="Software patents and free software">Software patents</a></li>

<li><a href="Open-source_software_security" title="Open-source software security">Software security</a></li>

<li><a href="Tivoization" title="Tivoization">Tivoization</a></li>

<li><a href="Trusted_Computing" title="Trusted Computing">Trusted Computing</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related <br>topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Fork_(software_development)" title="Fork (software development)">Forking</a></li>

<li><i><a href="GNU_Manifesto" title="GNU Manifesto">GNU Manifesto</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Open_Specification_Promise" title="Microsoft Open Specification Promise">Microsoft Open Specification Promise</a></li>

<li><a href="Open-core_model" title="Open-core model">Open-core model</a></li>

<li><a href="Open-source_hardware" title="Open-source hardware">Open-source hardware</a></li>

<li><a href="Shared_Source_Initiative" title="Shared Source Initiative">Shared Source Initiative</a></li>

<li><a href="Source-available_software" title="Source-available software">Source-available software</a></li>

<li><i><a href="The_Cathedral_and_the_Bazaar" title="The Cathedral and the Bazaar">The Cathedral and the Bazaar</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Revolution_OS" title="Revolution OS">Revolution OS</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold"><div>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> <a href="Portal%3AFree_and_open-source_software" title="Portal:Free and open-source software">Portal</a></li>

<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</li></ul>

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This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-08-01" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=LAMP_(software_bundle)&oldid=1303633457">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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